JACKSON AVW (1938) This new identification regarding Mani, new inventor out of Manichaeism

Even though introduce it is as if he have been missing, and though live it’s because if the guy have been deceased

Record of Western Chinese language Society 58: 235-forty. Supposed representations of Mani otherwise Manes, c. 216-276 Ce, are chatted about, which have consideration of the tradition noted by al-Nadim (composing c. 987 Ce) one Mani try lame in ft or perhaps in their right foot. You to definitely culture would-be backed by retranslation of a term KanaД‘anin Еѕene osobe into the new Pahlavi Denkart (step 3.200, 1-13) (look for Dinkard, above), using the term ‘broken’ otherwise ‘crippled’ in order to Mani (look for below, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).

Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr bin Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [Brand new Lepers, the fresh new Lame, the fresh new Blind, together with Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) is a prolific, influential and you may significantly unappealing copywriter that have ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), within Basra (now from inside the Iraq), whoever work might have been much cited over the Arab globe. Right here, centered on Michael Dols, he discussed “real infirmities particularly surface disorders, lameness, paralysis, and deafness and personal characteristics for example hair loss, leanness, and you may ugliness.” Their point would be to demonstrate that “actual infirmities and peculiarities don’t obstruct just one off becoming a fully productive member of the brand new Muslim society or pub your regarding important workplaces. Al-Jahiz handled you to definitely real problems commonly public stigmas however they are exactly what is generally named signs of divine blessing otherwise choose.” (Meters Dols, 1983, The new leper into the Gothic Islamic people. Speculum 58: 891-916, towards the p. 901) Despite his personal experience of bad public responses, al-Jahiz in just one of his greatest-recognized really works, ‘The Wonders regarding Creation’, had written harshly regarding the societal aspects of deafness. Besides the deaf individuals loss of musical, “Individuals are bored within his providers and then he try an encumbrance to them. He is unable to hear the people’s tales and you may talks. ” (quoted by F. Haj, Disability into the Antiquity, q.v., p. 159). A special commentator cards you to “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is considered the most hard works by Jahiz, as well as matter is close to novel within the historic Arabic books. (There does not be seemingly an English translation available at present).

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JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Lifetime inside Ancient Asia as the Depicted throughout the Jain Canons. Bombay: The latest Book Providers. Infection and you can therapy, also some handicaps, regarding Jaina source (pp. 178-81). Individuals with handicaps, and additionally mental retardation, was omitted out-of signing up for religious commands (194). Select Tattvartha Sutra, below; as well as 2nd one or two situations).

[JAINA Texts] Gaina Sutras translated regarding Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, 2 vols, (1884 and you may 1895), SBE twenty two & forty five, Oxford: Clarendon. [The newest SBE series used a keen italicised ‘G’ instead of ‘J’, for certain explanations. Here ‘Gaina’ has been reinserted from the typical alphabetical buy for convenience.] – New Akaranga Sutra (for the vol. I), of even the fifth century Le, provided classes to own a great holy and you will harmless lifetime. Disability and disability are available, e.g. “on devastation of the perceptions of your own ear canal, vision, body organs from smell, sampling, coming in contact with, one becomes aware of the fresh refuse away from existence” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk I (2) 1]. Good fresh fruit away from incorrect acts from inside the prior to lifestyle is: “Comes and you can leprosy, use, falling disorder, blindness and you will hardness, lameness and you can humpbackedness, Dropsy and dumbness, research! apoplexy (?) and you may eye-state, moving and you may crippledness, elephantiasis and all forms of diabetes, They are the 16 disease specified for the due acquisition; in addition to them of several afflictions and injuries exists.” (I: 54) [Bk We (6) step one.] But really right-inclined anyone will be make sure to play with inoffensive terms when appointment you aren’t such as standards. They “must not talk of those such as this: ‘He has comes otherwise leprosy, etcetera [including brand new terminology shown significantly more than]; his hands is slash, otherwise their ft, nostrils, ear canal, lip are slashed.’ To have just like the all the these people, verbal to such language, feel crazy, hence, given really, they should not speak to them such vocabulary.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) dos.] – Brand new Uttaradhyayana Sutra (inside Vol. II) along with notes handicap which have ageing, “In case your human body develops dated, as well as your hair transforms white, the efficacy of their ears reduces”, similarly to the attention, nostrils, tongue, reach (II: p. 44) [section X]. – The newest Sutrakritanga Sutra (inside the Vol. II) states during the passing brand new “blind-born man” (p. 243), and you can “men which walk-on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering immediately after marriage are cautioned of one’s terrible disablement of that problem: being purchased regarding away from start right up until midnight by the partner, together with remaining night calming babies and you will laundry the nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks which indulge in erotic pleasures is assured still bad pain once they die; immediately after which it “would be born deaf-and-dumb, or blind [footnote: sometimes blind by the delivery, or definitely dumb otherwise ignorant], otherwise dumb by the delivery.” (p. 363; comparable towards the pp. 367, 430) [Bk 2 (2); and you may 2 (7)].